Road and process of making same.



PATENTED MAY 26, 1908.

B. N. BEARD. ROAD AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 29, 1908.

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BENNETT N: BEARD, or

PATENT cr me.

SHELTON, CONNECTICUT.

ROAD AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.-

. No. 888,864. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented May 26, 1908.

Application filed January 29, 1908. Serial No. 413,271.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENNETT N. BEARD, a citizen of the United State sresiding at Shelton, county of F airfield, State of Connecticut, haveinvented a new and useful Road and Process of Making Same, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to the making of the class of roads knowngenerically as macadam roads; that is, roads having an n er stratum ofsmall broken stone or gravel ying upon either a soft or hardsub-stratum.

I have found in ractice that an inexpensive, smooth and re atively'durable road may be produced by placing an upper stratum of small brokenstone or gravel upon any suitable subestratum, top dressing with sand tofill the voids and then grouting with a thin mixture of water and cementheld in mech anical suspension and sprinkled upon the surface, the Watercausing the cement to fill the interstices of the up er layer and thesettin of the cement pro ucing'a hard, firm anr very durablesurface. AndI have found that an exceedingly durable high-grade road may be made byfirst laying a sub-stratum of relatively large stones with the voidsfilled with sand and placing thereon an upper stratum consisting'ofgravel or relatively and grouting as before.

small broken stone, top dressing with sand It is of course wellunderstood that cement if allowed. to set roperly makes a very hard anddurable roa bed, but that as cement is ordinarily used, that is mixedwith broken stone or'gravel and their spread upon the road bed androlled, it becomespartially set before the spreading and rollingoperations are completed and the hardness and dura bility of the roadbed is seriously impaired;

in other words, in order to secure the best results from the use ofcement in road making it is necessar that-thrrcementb'e pla'ced" on the.road .bed immediately after mixin and that the' road bedremain-undisturbe until the cement is set, This can only be effected bymixing thecement as it is used and allowin it to remain undisturbed onthe road be ".1 The object of the present invention is to produce aninexpenslve, smooth, hard and durable surface for either op dressedreads,- so called, or for deeply l 'd macadam or Telfor-l roads; inother ords, to producean 5 inexpensive, smooth and hard surface" for"either Well-laid or relatively inexpensive roads.

The drawing is a cross section illustrating a plication of my inventionto the making 0 a high grade road.

10 denotes a substratum of relatively large stones, 11 sand in the voidsbetween the stones or gravel, 13 a top dressing of sand and 14 agroutingof water and cement in mechanical suspension which is sprinkled. uponthe surface.

In carrying out my novel process as ap plied to top -dressed roads, theroad isiirst made smooth and rolled in the ordinary cement held inmechanical suspension, so that there can be no setting of the cementuntil it is delivered upon the surface of the interstices in theupperstratum and the mode Ofplacing the cement upon the road permittingit to set undisturbed, thereby reducing the best possible results in theeast expensive manner.

When it is desired to apply my novel process to the making of high graderoadsfa substratum is made of relatively large stones with the voidsfilled with sand. An upper layer of gravel or small broken stone is thenplaced thereon, which. is top-dressed with sand and the road thusprepared is grouted by sprinkling the surface with a thin mixture ofwater and cement held in mechanical suspension.

A very firm and durable foundation upon whichto lay an asphait, brick orwooden 'BlEERIpaVement may be'formed in substantially the same manner;the preparation. of v the sub-stratum not being an essential part whichis the grouting of the upper stratum ,with a thin mixture of Water andcement held in -mechanical suspension. 1. have found in practice that mynovelprocess, ow-

stones, 12 an upper layer of relatively smallthe surface with a thinmixture of Water an road, the water causing the cement to fill the 3 ofthe invention, the essential feature of int ing to the fact that thecement is allowed'to.

set under the best conditions possible, produ'ces a smooth andwaterrtight surface for either a pavement foundation or a road, that hasan mherent'durability far in excess of 5 consists in large stones,filling the voids with sand, then any type of surface heretofpre roducedand which when applied to a well-laid foundation vproduces a roa waythat is practically indestructible foralongtime. '5 Having thusdescribed my invention 1' claim: I i

1. The process of making roads, which consists in preparing asub-stratum, then placing thereon an upper stratum of rela- 10 tivelysmall stones, then top-dressing the laymg an upper stratum of relativelysmall stones, placing thereon a top dressing of sand and then groutingwith a thin mixture of small stones, a top Water and cement held inmechanical 'suspension and delivered upon the surface.

3. A road, consisting of a sub-stratum, an

- upper stratum of relatively small stones, a

- top dressing of sand and a grouting of water w and cement held inmechanical suspension.

4. A road, consisting of a sub-stratum of relatively large stones, adressing of sand for filling the voids, an u(pper layer of relativelygrouting of water'and cement held in mechanical suspension.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature,

in presence of two witnesses.

BENNETT N. BEARD.

Witnesses Y A. M. WOOSTER,

S. W. AT ERTON.

ressing of sand and a

